Reforma Ivanaj (1932-1936): Përpjekja për Nacionalizimin e Arsimit në Shqipëri në Kushtet e Krizës së Marrëdh�nieve Italo-Shqiptare
Abstract
One of the important elements of the consolidation of the nation-state in modern societies of XIX-XX centuries was the nationalization of education, in terms of not only the use of education in the function of the national idea and consciousness, but also its use in the function and service of official policies imposed and followed by the nation-state. In Albania, this process has its beginnings, of course with the beginnings of the independent Albanian state, but the political crises that the country went through until after the First World War and the final securing of international recognition and the foreign influences of neighboring countries in the cultural and educational fields (especially Italian and Greek schools) delayed the realization of this process, which had previously been realized in many European countries during the first phases of their consolidation. The nationalization of education was first undertaken in Albania in the years 1932-1936, being directly linked, firstly, to the crisis of Albanian-Italian relations, to the efforts of Ahmet Zogu to weaken the influence of fascist Italy in Albania and, secondly, to the efforts of patriotic and nationalist elements in the country, represented by the Minister of Education, Mirash Ivanaj, under whose leadership the reform went beyond the purely anti-Italian character, being a�ompanied by the nationalization of all foreign schools in the country and their placement under a common program and regulations of a national character. This study examines the political causes and the inability of the Albanian state to pursue such a policy in the long term, mainly related to the international factor, with the increase in political, economic and military pressure from fascist Italy.
Keywords
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Authors
Anelmo SPAHIJA
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