Youth on the Move: Examining the Motivations for Emigration among Albanian University Students
Abstract
Since the collapse of the communist regime, Albania has been struggling with a substantial wave of population exodus, a phenomenon that endures at a notably elevated pace, positioning Albania among the nations with the highest emigration rates in Europe and beyond. Notably, Albania is recognized for its relatively youthful population, which confronts the dual challenges of population reduction and aging amidst recent socio-economic shifts, including the prominence of emigration. Young people represent a vital demographic within society, holding the potential to instigate policy shifts, influence economic trajectories, and reshape social dynamics, thereby contributing to sustainable development. This article explores the complexities surrounding youth emigration, delving into the contemporary trend amidst the turbulent circumstances of today, with a concentrated focus on exploring the motives for departure or the expressed aspiration to leave. The study centers its attention on university students, whose departure significantly affects the increase of the brain drain phenomenon. Notably, although official statistics may not reflect a substantial surge in the number of young individuals departing, studies and reports highlight a consistent decline in the youth population each year, undoubtedly influenced by factors beyond emigration. The article underscores that developed countries are the preferred destinations for young individuals, offering opportunities for personal and professional growth and economic stability. Factors like high unemployment, financial difficulties, low wages, limited career opportunities, lack of stability, tough competition, and the absence of meritocracy contribute to the decision to leave or not to return for those who have already emigrated. It's notable that the pandemic, rather than merely intensifying the desire to leave, has tangibly set in motion the concrete plans and strategies, to translate this aspiration into reality.
Keywords
Emigration, Students, Albanian Youth, Brain Drain, Social Issues
Authors
Enkelejda CENAJ
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